新时代研究生学术英语：综合教程1第四单元答案

Warm-up video

1）instruction 2）learn from data 3）recommendations 4）converting 5）take on

6）react to 7）diagnosing 8）individualize 9）gauge 10）replace

Text One

Ex1

committing

learning

displace

inequality

security

manipulation

applications

dominated

Ex2

baab

1

He memorized all the 386,000 words in the entire French Scrabble dictionary within nine weeks.

2

Deep learning can automatically optimize human-given goals with unlimited memory and superhuman accuracy.

3

The text lists four examples:

• helping Amazon maximize profit from recommendations;

• helping Facebook maximize minutes spent by users on its app;

• helping banks minimize loan default rates;

• helping airport cameras spot terrorists.

4

The white- and blue-collar jobs that deal with a lot of data in one domain.

5

Four types of jobs are not at risk: the creative jobs, the complex and strategic jobs, the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI, and the empathetic and compassionate jobs.

6

The responsibility lies with the government, the corporations, and the beneficiaries.

7

Because general AI requires advanced capabilities which are still beyond our scientific reach, and no big breakthroughs can be predicted at this stage.

Ex3

1 (Answers may vary.)

Some big minds claimed that artificial intelligence would be smarter than humans. For example, Ray Kurzweil, Google’s Director of Engineering, sent an AI warning in 2017: Robots will be SMARTER than humans by 2045. The year will be where AI comes into its own and becomes the most intelligent species on the planet, according to the Google boss. He said the process is already underway and our reliance on smartphones is just the beginning of the dawn of us becoming part machine.

Martin, S. (2017, October 17). AI warning: Robots will be smarter than humans by 2045, Google boss says. Retrieved December 26, 2019, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/ science/867565/google-artificial-intelligence-ray-kurzweil-AI-singularity

While others argue that machines are good at pattern matching but our ability to learn unlimited patterns means humans will always be smarter than artificial intelligence. Our fate is in our own hands. Since technology depends on the values of its creators, we can make human choices to allow AI to improve the world in a controlled manner.

2 (Answers may vary.)

There are so many amazing ways artificial intelligence is used to impact our everyday lives. AI powers many programs and services that help us do everyday things. Here are some examples:

• Voice assistants: The built-in smart assistants, like Microsoft’s Cortana, Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri, and HUAWEI’s Xiaoyi (小E), use AI to understand you and to complete your tasks.

• Smart homes: Your home will be able to predict your preferred room temperature, when you want to eat, when to turn the lights on and off, when to order groceries, etc.

• Autonomous vehicles: Self-driving cars free up people’s time and attention, and improve road safety.

• Delivery: The way you receive packages is set to change, too. You will enjoy the efficient drone delivery service.

• Social media: AI records all your search content, interactions, and everything else that you do and tailors your social media experience just for you.

• Gaming: AI not only makes games more exciting, but also allows the game to automatically match the player’s level.

Academic Reading Skill

1✔The anecdote is put at the very beginning of the text

2✔ It is about Nigel Richards winning the French-language Scrabble World Championship, which is real.

3✔ It is described in concise language.

4✔ It is interesting since the winner of French-language Scrabble World Championship does not speak French. It is also inspiring in that he memorized all the words in the entire dictionary. And it sets people thinking about how he made it.

5✔ How Richards memorizes words is similar to how AI works, which is relevant to the subject.

6✔ The first sentence in Para. 2 shows the transition: “Richards’ impressive feat is a useful metaphor for how artificial intelligence works …” This statement helps to transit from the anecdote to the main topic.

7✔ It is mentioned again in Para. 15, which achieves an echo effect.

Language Enhancement

Ex1

  1. evolved 2) surpassed 3) assimilated 4) proof 5) foster

  2. bias 7) manipulation 8) multiply 9) strategic 10) automatically

  3. domain 12) minimize 13) displaced

Ex2

  1. at the expense of 2) in contrast with 3) are bound to 4)a metaphor for

  2. commit… to memory 6) taking in 7) queue up 8) is well placed to

Ex3

1

Charitable donations

he wealthy give back to the society

the poor get some living support.

2

sort waste by type in order to facilitate its treatment.

3
The Internet security

the government and the police

every individual who uses the web.

4

robots’domination of the human world

5

explain the operating mechanism of the machine

Ex4

1
minimize student loan default rates
2

reap the academic rewards
3

poses serious challenges in terms of security

4
resist the temptation to copy others’work

5

remain beyond our scientific reach

6

Think back to those days before cell phones

Text two

Ex1

TFTFFTTT

Ex2

  1. d 2) c 3) d 4) d 5) b

翻译

China is a late starter in artificial intelligence. However, since the reform and opening up, especially in the recent decade, China’sAI has been developing rapidly. The development of AI has becoin me a national strategy with hundreds of thousands of scientific and technical personnel, university teachers and students engaged in the research, learning, development and application of AI. The Internet and big data have pushed AI into a new stage of development. China has made breakthroughs in AI, and has achieved a large number of internationally advanced application results fields like natural language processing, speech recognition, image recognition, machine learning, virtual reality, intelligent driving and intelligent robots.

Viewing Comprehension

  1. awesome place 2) spell the end 3) affect the planet 4) can’t conceive 5) driverless cars 6) explore a bit 7) much help

FTFTTFT

Academic Listening Skill

  1. Argumentation 3) Example 4) Expert opinion 5) Example 6) Example

Speaking

Ex1

（Answers may vary.)

Ex2

Rule 1:Be creative.

Rule 2:Don’t interrupt while others are contributing their thoughts.

Rule 3:Build on other participants’ideas.

Rule 4:Withhold judgments or evaluation until every idea is collected.

Rule 5:Welcome all kinds of ideas.

Ex3

(Answers may vary)

Writing

Ex1

1 assert

2 claim

3 comment

4 complain

5 conclude

6 criticize

7 demonstrate

8 estimate

9 explain

10 insist

11 maintain

12 predict

13 proclaim

14 propose

15 reply

16 respond

17 reveal

18 say

19 think

Ex2

1 Artificial intelligence: A modern approach;

Russell (2015, p. 4) defines a rational agent as “one that acts so as to achieve the best outcome or, when there is uncertainty, the best expected outcome.”

2 Kurzweil

Kurzweil (2006, p. 9) claims, “All the machines we met to date lack the essential subtlety of human biological qualities.”

3 Marvin Minsky

“If a program works in only one way, then it gets stuck when that method fails” (Minsky, 2007, p. 7).

4 page 5–6

According to Kaplan (2016, pp. 5–6), “The broader the domain of application, the quicker conclusions are drawn with minimal information, the more intelligent the behavior.”

Ex3

（Answers may vary.)